From ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor to 2D materials field‐effect‐transistor biosensors

Abstract Field‐effect transistors have strong applications in biosensing field from pH and glucose monitoring to genomics, proteomics, cell signaling assays, biomedical diagnostics general. Notable advantages are the high sensitivity (thanks intrinsic amplification), quick response (useful for real‐time monitoring), suitability miniaturization, compact portable read‐out systems. The initial concept of ion‐sensitive field‐effect evolved with emergence novel classes materials beyond traditional semiconductors. Recently, 2D nanomaterials redesigning providing superior performances large surface‐to‐volume ratio, carrier mobility, more effective local gating, transconductance, operation at low voltages. Here, after a brief conceptual introduction, we review progresses perspectives field‐effect‐transistor biosensors special focus on opportunities, most recent applications, present challenges, future perspectives.